COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

INTRODUCTION:

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has grown from a mathematical curiosity to become an essential tool in almost every branch of fluid dynamics, from aerospace propulsion to weather prediction. CFD is commonly accepted as referring to the broad topic encompassing the numerical solution, by computational methods, of the governing equations which describe fluid flow, the set of the Navier-Stokes equations, continuity and any additional conservation equations, for example energy or species concentrations.

What do we mean when we speak of simulating a fluid flow on a computer? In simplest terms, the computer solves a series of well-known equations that are used to compute, for any point in space near an object, the velocity and pressure of the fluid flowing around that object.

Computational Fluid Dynamics, or simply CFD is concerned with obtaining numerical solution to fluid flow problems by using computers. The advent of high-speed and large-memory computers has enabled CFD to obtain solutions to many flow problems including those that are compressible or incompressible, laminar or turbulent, chemically reacting or non-reacting.

CFD is complications of: simultaneous flow of heat, mass transfer (e.g. perspiration, dissolution), phase change (e.g. melting, freezing, boiling), chemical reaction (e.g. combustion, rusting), mechanical movement (e.g. of pistons, fans, rudders), stresses in and displacement of immersed or surrounding solids

METHODS OF DISCRETIZATION

The well-known discretization methods used in CFD are:

• Finite Difference Method (FDM)
• Finite Volume Method (FVM)
• Finite Element Method (FEM)
• Boundary Element Method (BEM)

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