ROBOTICS

ROBOTICS

ABSTRACT:

Robotics is an interdisciplinary field that ranges in scope from the design of mechanical and electrical components to sensor technology, computer systems, and artificial intelligence. It is a prominent component of industrial automation.

In Czech the word “Robota” means “Forced Labor” or simply worker. Robots were often endowed with superhuman strength and power, subhuman intelligence. A robot is a reprogrammable multi-functional manipulator. Robotics has helped to open the door on new manufacturing methods.

With a pressing need for increased productivity and the delivery of end products of uniform quality, industry is turning more and more towards computer-based automation. Due to high cost and inflexibility of hard automation that special purpose machine, Robots are developed which are capable of performing a variety of manufacturing functions in a more flexible working environment and at lower production costs. Robot posses intelligence, which is normally due to computer algorithms associated with it’s control and sensing systems.

An industrial robot is a general purpose, computer-controlled consisting of several rigid links connected in series by revolute or prismatic joints. One end of the chain attached to a supporting base, while the other end is free and equipped with a tool to manipulate objects or perform assembly tasks. The motion of the joints results in relative motion of the links. Mechanically, a robot is composed of an arm (or mainframe) and a wrist subassembly plus a tool. It is designed to reach a workpiece located with it’s work volume. The work volume is the sphere of influence of a robot whose arm can deliver the wrist subassembly unit to any point within the sphere. The arm subassembly generally can move with degree of freedom. The combination of the movements positions the wrist unit at the workpiece for a six jointed robot, the arm subassembly is the positioning mechanism, while the wrist assembly is the orientation mechanism.

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