STEER- BY WIRE
ABSTRACT
It’s a saying:
“Technology drives the world”
In this technology driven world automobile industry is the fastest growing industry.
As we know, automobile industry is a growing industry and many changes are being made in automobiles for the safety and comfort of passengers.
Steer-by wire technology is named so because it uses electronic components and wires and it removes heavy mechanical parts from a vehicle. Steer-by wire technology is still under research.
This system enables to provide better safety and comfort to passengers according to today’s environment conditions. Additionally, some other benefits are expected, e.g. design freedom, reduced packaging problems, increased ecology and economy.
A question may arise in one’s mind “If there is any electronic failure, is the system reliable for driving?” In Fly-by wire (aero planes), hydraulic backup is provided in case of any electronic circuit failure. But, in case of Steer-by wire (automobiles) different processors are used to control different mechanisms. In case of any failure the main processor will provide backup. This main processor is called “Mother Processor.”
For car designers and stylists, drive-by-wire systems have the potential to transform the way passenger compartments are designed. Gone will be the costly hydraulically assisted mechanical packages that actuate and assist both brakes and steering. Along with them go the bundles of wires that sit behind the instrument panel, because this generation of cars will be using electronic and optical data buses. These distribute control signals from the variety of control units that look after engine management, instruments, safety systems, windows, comfort features, heating and ventilation, lighting and so on.
Removing the mechanical linkage between the steering wheel and the steering rack will not only enhance design and crashworthiness (because there is no steering column to push through into the driver’s chest), it will massively simplify and lower the cost of switching between right-hand and left-hand drive.
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Friday, April 1, 2011
Distribution Side Management for Urban Electric Utilities in India
Distribution Side Management for Urban Electric Utilities in India
ABSTRACT
Some of the major ailments of urban distribution systems in India are discussed in regard to T & D losses, metering systems, technical data base, consumer relations and energy conservation. Some of the possible solutions to these problems are also mentioned. It is hoped that this overview will open up an era of meaningful introspection and rudimentary efforts for improvements by utilities in India, in regard to urban distribution systems.
INTRODUCTION
There have been many discussions at national forums for important aspects of Electric utilities viz. generation, transmission, power system control, instrumentation, state estimation, stability criteria etc. Distribution has always remained a low profile arena on the national platforms. However some of the root ailments of power sector in India rest with distribution systems. Urban utilities are becoming more important against the backdrop of predominantly rural economy of India, due to rapid industrialization and consequent urbanization. The basic issues involved are brought to the forefront here and a few remedies suggested.
Download full seminar papers At
http://www.enjineer.com/forum
ABSTRACT
Some of the major ailments of urban distribution systems in India are discussed in regard to T & D losses, metering systems, technical data base, consumer relations and energy conservation. Some of the possible solutions to these problems are also mentioned. It is hoped that this overview will open up an era of meaningful introspection and rudimentary efforts for improvements by utilities in India, in regard to urban distribution systems.
INTRODUCTION
There have been many discussions at national forums for important aspects of Electric utilities viz. generation, transmission, power system control, instrumentation, state estimation, stability criteria etc. Distribution has always remained a low profile arena on the national platforms. However some of the root ailments of power sector in India rest with distribution systems. Urban utilities are becoming more important against the backdrop of predominantly rural economy of India, due to rapid industrialization and consequent urbanization. The basic issues involved are brought to the forefront here and a few remedies suggested.
Download full seminar papers At
http://www.enjineer.com/forum
Magnetically Levitated Train
Magnetically Levitated Train
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Definition:- What is a Magnetically levitated train (Maglev train)?
A magnetically levitated train is simply known as maglev train.A magnetically levitated train is a train that travels along a track, sort of like a monorail, but unlike any conventional train, it floats.
The name comes from two words, Magnet and Levitation. As the name implies, the Maglev train uses magnets to levitate off the track and to move.
1.2 About magnetically levitated train:-
A magnetically levitated train or maglev is a train like vehicle that is suspended in the air above the track and propelled forward using the repulsive and attractive forces of magnetism .Because of lack of physical contact between the track and vehicle ,the only friction is that between the carriages and air .Consequently maglev trains can travel at very high speed up to 650 km/hr with reasonable energy consumption .
There are two primary types of maglev technology. One that relies on super conducting magnets (i.e. EDS system) and a newer, potentially more economical system (i.e. EMS system) that uses permanent magnets.
Indeed, the maglev is faster than any speeding locomotive precisely because it is as much like a plane as any rail road we have known .True ,the train has no wings but no wheels or engine , either.
Transrapid ,the German firm that developed the system , describes the maglev as “The fundamental innovation in the field of railway technology since the invention of railway”.
Magnets are the attractions .first the powerful magnets levitate the train from the guideway and other magnets propel along a way.
Maglev train built in china by German companies and shanghai maglev transportation development company, it reaches 430 km/hr(280 mi/hr)-130 km/hr faster than japan’s bullet train.And even as it goes faster than any commercial vehicle without wings, Chinese train is smoother and quiter than Amtrak’s wheel-on –rail Acela ,the state of the art in the United States –which pokes along when it can at a maximum 240km/hr.
After many false starts and the completion of full-scale experimental maglev systems in Japan and Germany in the 1980s, maglev in China will finally start shuttling passengers in October in a reasonably large-scale, commercial system. The trains will run from downtown Shanghai’s financial district to Pudong International Airport, making an 8-minute run that will save about 40 minutes off the typical trip time in a taxi.
Download full seminar papers At
http://www.enjineer.com/forum
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Definition:- What is a Magnetically levitated train (Maglev train)?
A magnetically levitated train is simply known as maglev train.A magnetically levitated train is a train that travels along a track, sort of like a monorail, but unlike any conventional train, it floats.
The name comes from two words, Magnet and Levitation. As the name implies, the Maglev train uses magnets to levitate off the track and to move.
1.2 About magnetically levitated train:-
A magnetically levitated train or maglev is a train like vehicle that is suspended in the air above the track and propelled forward using the repulsive and attractive forces of magnetism .Because of lack of physical contact between the track and vehicle ,the only friction is that between the carriages and air .Consequently maglev trains can travel at very high speed up to 650 km/hr with reasonable energy consumption .
There are two primary types of maglev technology. One that relies on super conducting magnets (i.e. EDS system) and a newer, potentially more economical system (i.e. EMS system) that uses permanent magnets.
Indeed, the maglev is faster than any speeding locomotive precisely because it is as much like a plane as any rail road we have known .True ,the train has no wings but no wheels or engine , either.
Transrapid ,the German firm that developed the system , describes the maglev as “The fundamental innovation in the field of railway technology since the invention of railway”.
Magnets are the attractions .first the powerful magnets levitate the train from the guideway and other magnets propel along a way.
Maglev train built in china by German companies and shanghai maglev transportation development company, it reaches 430 km/hr(280 mi/hr)-130 km/hr faster than japan’s bullet train.And even as it goes faster than any commercial vehicle without wings, Chinese train is smoother and quiter than Amtrak’s wheel-on –rail Acela ,the state of the art in the United States –which pokes along when it can at a maximum 240km/hr.
After many false starts and the completion of full-scale experimental maglev systems in Japan and Germany in the 1980s, maglev in China will finally start shuttling passengers in October in a reasonably large-scale, commercial system. The trains will run from downtown Shanghai’s financial district to Pudong International Airport, making an 8-minute run that will save about 40 minutes off the typical trip time in a taxi.
Download full seminar papers At
http://www.enjineer.com/forum
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