COMMON RAIL INJECTION SYSTEMS
ABSTRACT
Looking at the 3.6 million years since man has evolved the invention of passenger cars seems only yesterday, but since the first cars produced by Sir Henry Ford there have been tremendous achievements in the field of engine performance and design. We now have engines running on countless kinds of fuels producing un-imaginable power outputs.
Among the many factors responsible for improvement in the engine has been the injector or the fuel injection system with the addition of cylinders and various other components. The injector has been a step forward from the age-old carburetor, thereby improving the performance of the engine.
One now has the choice of various fuel injection systems such as
* Inline type
* Distributor type
* Common rail type
With the state-of-the-art common-rail direct fuel injection we have achieved an ideal compromise between economy, torque, ride comfort and long life. Whereas conventional direct-injection diesel engines must repeatedly generate fuel pressure for each injection, in the Common rail injection engines the pressure is built up independently of the injection sequence and remains permanently available in the fuel line.
The common rail upstream of the cylinders acts as an accumulator, distributing the fuel to the injectors at a constant pressure of up to 1600 bar. Here high-speed solenoid valves, regulated by the electronic engine management, separately control the injection timing and the amount of fuel injected for each cylinder as a function of the cylinder's actual need.
In other words, pressure generation and fuel injection are independent of each other. This is an important advantage of common-rail injection over conventional fuel injection systems.
The introduction of these engines in vehicles has boosted the people’s confidence in diesel engines, which now are in par with many petrol engines. Common rail injection technology has made vehicles powerful, economical and more environmentally friendly.
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