ENDOSCOPIC INSTRUMENTATION

ENDOSCOPIC INSTRUMENTATION

Abstract: 
                       
Endoscopic Instrumentation deals with the endoscopes and its associated Instrumentation. Fiber optic endoscopes now have widespread use in medicine and guide a myriad of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.  Endoscopy is the examination and inspection of the interior of body organs, joints or cavities through an endoscope. An endoscope is a device using fiber optics and powerful lens systems to provide lighting and visualization of the interior of a joint. Endoscopy has enabled us to take panoramic views of the integral organs. Prior to the widespread use of endoscopy and diagnostic imaging, most internal conditions could only be diagnosed or treated with open surgery.  There are other methods to see the outline of the organs but don’t allow us to look directly into these organs itself. Endoscopy can also guide therapy and repair, such as the removal of torn cartilage from the bearing surfaces of a joint. Biopsy (tissue sampling for pathologic testing) may also be performed under Endoscopic guidance. To perform the surgery, there is also a separate port to allow for administration of drugs, suction, and irrigation. The advantages of Endoscopic surgery include Shorter recovery time, Less infection, Less risk, Less pain and trauma for patient, reduced hospital costs, etc. The paper begins with the introduction on Endoscopy, its applications in various areas of science and then explains the light cables used. It then explains the types of endoscopes, its accessories, advantages, and disadvantages. The cameras, use of charge coupled devices and Camera design for Endoscopic urology with optical and electronic characteristics are explained in detail.