Quantum Cryptography Introduced

Quantum Cryptography Introduced

Abstract:

Today, several applications demand the need of secure transmission of data. This led to the art of cryptography. The messages were now encrypted in such a manner that only using a key could access them. The key was sufficiently long to be guessed or based on the fact that several mathematical operations take lot of time to be performed. But with the arrival of next-gen quantum computers, the fact became a myth. Necessity for secure transmission gave birth to quantum cryptography.

It is based on Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Proposed by Wiesner, this method uses polarized light for transmission. The key is generated by sending bits that can be either interpreted as 0 or 1 at receiving end. Then both sender and receiver agree upon which bits are to be used as the key. This is done to avoid any eavesdropper from accessing the key. The message is now locked using the key and transmitted.

So, now the key is long enough to be guessed and the key is securely transmitted. And any attempt of eavesdropping will damage the message. Now we have prevented any eavesdropper from accessing the information and any attempts of attack are detected. More are the attacks; more is the probability of detection.

Thus, this method is highly secure and any attempts to eavesdropping are easily detected.

The only drawback of this method is that it couldn’t be used for long distance transmission, at least today.

So we can easily conclude that the ‘digital fortress’ is here. The dream of the unbreakable code has turned into reality.

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