MAGNETIC LEVITATION TECHNOLOGY FOR TRAINS

MAGNETIC LEVITATION TECHNOLOGY FOR TRAINS

ABSTRACT:

In today’s Computer Era, the world is becoming a global village. The distance between the two places becomes lesser and lesser due to high technology Transport Systems. So I decided to choose this seminar topic, as it is very interesting as well as a different one. The transport systems of the world are at their crossroads. Now as never before there is a wealth of invention. The commitment to any one system involves financial investment at least, as that needed to put man on the moon.

At the same time there is marked improvement in the field of high-speed transport technology. The seminar covers both theoretical and experimental contribution on suspension, guidance and propulsion of land transport with no vehicle to ground contact and it covers information about HSST and TRANSRAPID system.

And finally the seminar deals with the existing trends and speculates about the future prospects of magnetic levitation trains.

Magnetic levitation:

Every element (in the periodic system) is magnetic. However, there are three main levels or domains of magnetism. The smallest effect is know as diamagnetism and is a property of elements like antimony, bismuth, copper, carbon but also phosphorus and hydrogen. Paramagnetism has an intermediate value, about two orders of magnitude higher than diamagnetism. Paramagnetism is seen in e.g. aluminum, zinc, liquid oxygen but also in glass and rubber. The largest magnetic effect is known as ferromagnetism. This is, in our daily life, the most common form of magnetism. The only elements with ferromagnetic properties are iron, cobalt, and nickel. Ferromagnetism is about 109 times larger compared to diamagnetism Ferro and paramagnetic elements may easily be levitated in low gradient magnetic fields. This system is used in various commercial products. To elevate diamagnetic materials, however, much higher field strengths and field gradients are necessary. In such a high power magnet organic materials or even living biological samples may be elevated, thereby counteracting the force of gravity.

Although the various systems have their specific limitations, for some small samples this microweight 'simulation' may be used to study living samples in preparation of a real microweight experiment.


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