Photovoltaic Water Pumping System

Photovoltaic Water Pumping System

INTRODUCTION:

ADEQUATE quality and reliability of portable water supply is required not only for the human life but also by industries and agriculture. A variety of pumping techniques are available to meet the water demand. In term of mechanical pump (i.e. non-hand operated pumps) the most common type of the pump is either the ac pump (run by using main electricity) or the diesel pump. It is true that such pumps are technologically well understood, able to be transported at modest cost, relatively easy to install, etc. But the main problem associated with such units is their use in the remote areas where there is no electricity or diesel available for pumping water from bore holes. It is, therefore, in this context that to meet the growing world-wide water supply demand, especially in the remote areas, effort should be made to design pumping systems run by power available locally, such as solar energy, wind energy, bio gas etc.

In the developing world, renewable energies have been used, and are still being used for many centuries in the production and preservation of food, and the supply of water for human consumption and irrigation of crop etc. However, amongst potential new energy sources, solar energy, and especially the direct photovoltaic (PV) conservation of sunlight in to electricity, is extremely promising. Photovoltaic power has found application in all corners of Earth. PV technology is used in consumer electronics, refrigeration in the third world village pharmacies, utility scale projects, space applications, lighting and the water pumping. Amongst different terrestrial application of photovoltaic technology, PV water pumping is particularly important.
The basic characteristic of a PV water pumping system which make in an attractive choice are : a) direct conservation process b) availability of abundant solar energy c) pollution free system d) applicability in remote and isolated areas etc. Presently, PV is mainly used for portable water pumping from wells. The delivery of water from superficial sources to elevated settlements is an issue of PV pumping. Irrigation is feasible where shallow water pumping is applicable. Fig 1.1 depicts typical examples of a photovoltaic water pumping system.

Studies on solar photovoltaic pump are counting since a long time. Indeed, thousands of systems are currently being used for water pumping around the world. Despite the relative maturity of this technology and its cost competitiveness, especially for low power applications (<5 Kw) in the remote and isolated areas, photovoltaic power operated water pumping system is very under utilized resource. While this mainly steams from lack of awareness of the cost competitiveness of this technology, there are many other factors that must be considered.

No doubt, PV water pumping systems are now technically viable all over the world but the fact remains that there is generally a gap between the conception of a technologies or scientific innovation and its actual implementation in the field. Therefore it is felt that there is a need to further understand the characteristic of various types of PV water pumping systems i.e. the selection is efficient, technically reliable, and appropriate system’s components.


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