ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR IC ENGINES

ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR IC ENGINES

ABSTRACT

Now a day, as the demand for crude oil, which is major conventional energy resource, is increasing and its sources are limited. So the prices of the crude oil are also increasing day by day. Approximately 40 million tones diesel is consumed annually in India. This represents about 36% of total consumption of all petroleum products. So there is necessity to obtain renewable fuels that can be available at good quantity & at cheaper rate.

The immediate family of alternate fuels comprises of the liquefied Natural Gas, Compressed Natural Gas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, Ethanol, Methanol and several other bio-fuels. Biomass is any recent plant or organic matter & It is a form of renewable energy. It can be used directly or by converting it into liquid or gaseous form.Agricultural crops such as sugarcane, corn, sunflower seeds and soya-beans can grow for use as energy source called bio – fuels.

Ethanol can be extracted from Molasses, Corn, Whey, and Wheat. This is purified to absolute Alcohol & used with Petrol to produce Gasohol. Ethanol is Eco-Friendly, safe, less emitting, high power output. But volumetric efficiency of vehicle based on Ethanol is comparatively low & it is slightly corrosive to petrol/diesel. Ethanol when blended with gasoline it gives better fuel having high octane rating.

In India there are three pilot plants of Ethanol at

1. MIRAJ, SANGLI DISTRICT (MAHARASHTRA)
2. MANMAD, NASIK DISTRICT (MAHARASHTRA)
3. BARELY, UTTAR PRADESH.

Another plant called “Jatropha curcas” is used to extract fuel called Bio – Diesel. Technically speaking Bio-diesel is Methyl ester of higher fatty acid.

In India, there are favorable conditions to cultivate & grow Jatropha plant. As it grows almost everywhere in India, In ountains & waste lands, gives productivity about 40 years. It is renewable, cheap, safe, less prone emitting pollutant gases. The general formula of biodiesel isC19H32O2Bio-diesel and its blends with diesel seem as a promising alternative fuel for diesel engine.

Bio-Diesel is advantageous because Pollution free, Safe for engine & Non poisonous. It can be used in Marine applications, Fleets, Mining. Biodiesel Beats Other Alternative Fuels on Cost. It is implemented inTrials with Indian Railways & Bio-diesel bus service introduced in Haryana & Gujarat

This paper includes physical potential, production techniques; utilization modes, safety aspects, and importunity, the broad policy-cum-planning frameworks governing the use of Ethanol/Gasohol & Bio-diesel.

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