Magnetic Random Access Memory
Abstract
The development of MRAM has been based on a number of significant ideas over the past 20 years, starting with Cross-tie Random Access Memory and continuing with new configurations using first Anisotropic Magnetoresistance(AMR) materials and then using higher sensitivity Giant Magnetoresistanc(GMR) and Spin Dependent Tunneling (SDT) materials. A brief introduction on precursors to magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) is followed by a description of an early MRAM, and then descriptions of cell configurations with improved signal levels including MRAM cells with GMR materials, Pseudo-Spin Valve (PSV) cells, and cells using SDT structures.
My seminar topic will discuss about principle of operation, reading & writing selection schemes, MRAM architecture, stability of MRAM, comparison between different RAM technologies. Also, discuss about it’s applications, conclusion and what’s the future holds.
Sunday, November 2, 2008
LZW DATA COMPRESSION TECHNIQUE
LZW DATA COMPRESSION TECHNIQUE
ABSTRACT
Any programmer working on mini or microcomputers in this day and age should have at least some exposure to the concept of data compression. In MS-DOS world, programs like ARC, by System Enhancement Associates, and PKZIP, by Pkware are ubiquitous. ARC has also been ported to quite a few other machines, running UNIX, CP/M, and so on. CP/M users have long had SQ and USQ to squeeze and expand programs. Unix users have the COMPRESS and COMPACT utilities. Yet the data compression techniques used in these programs typically only show up in two places: file transfers over phone lines, and archival storage.
Data compression has an undeserved reputation for being difficult to master, hard to implement, and tough to maintain. In fact, the techniques used in the previously mentioned programs are relatively simple, and can be implemented with standard utilities taking only a few lines of code. This report discusses a good all-purpose data compression technique: Lempel-Ziv-Welch, or LZW compression.
ABSTRACT
Any programmer working on mini or microcomputers in this day and age should have at least some exposure to the concept of data compression. In MS-DOS world, programs like ARC, by System Enhancement Associates, and PKZIP, by Pkware are ubiquitous. ARC has also been ported to quite a few other machines, running UNIX, CP/M, and so on. CP/M users have long had SQ and USQ to squeeze and expand programs. Unix users have the COMPRESS and COMPACT utilities. Yet the data compression techniques used in these programs typically only show up in two places: file transfers over phone lines, and archival storage.
Data compression has an undeserved reputation for being difficult to master, hard to implement, and tough to maintain. In fact, the techniques used in the previously mentioned programs are relatively simple, and can be implemented with standard utilities taking only a few lines of code. This report discusses a good all-purpose data compression technique: Lempel-Ziv-Welch, or LZW compression.
Kismet – The Humanoid Robot
Kismet – The Humanoid Robot
Abstract
Newly emerging robotics applications for domestic or entertainment purposes are slowly introducing autonomous robots into society at large. A critical capability of such robots is their ability to interact with humans, and in particular, untrained users. This seminar explores the hypothesis that people will intuitively interact with robots in a natural social manner provided the robot can perceive, interpret, and appropriately respond with familiar human social cues. One such attempt to build the humanoid robots is made by the MIT research people by introducing their own humanoid robot called as Kismet.
The seminar also reflects the framework of Kismet discussing how these constraints have been addressed, and demonstrate the robot’s ability to engage naive human subjects in a compelling and expressive manner. It explores the role of emotive responses in communicative behavior between robots and humans
Abstract
Newly emerging robotics applications for domestic or entertainment purposes are slowly introducing autonomous robots into society at large. A critical capability of such robots is their ability to interact with humans, and in particular, untrained users. This seminar explores the hypothesis that people will intuitively interact with robots in a natural social manner provided the robot can perceive, interpret, and appropriately respond with familiar human social cues. One such attempt to build the humanoid robots is made by the MIT research people by introducing their own humanoid robot called as Kismet.
The seminar also reflects the framework of Kismet discussing how these constraints have been addressed, and demonstrate the robot’s ability to engage naive human subjects in a compelling and expressive manner. It explores the role of emotive responses in communicative behavior between robots and humans
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