EIA METHADOLOGOES, EVALUATION, PREDICTIVE TECHNIQUES AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCE PROJECTS
ABSTRACT
Water Resource Development (WRD) has become a lifeline progress and property for India. WRD projects are indispensable as they are inexorably linked to the Indian economy, besides their need for the welfare of the growing masses. The main difficulty in the present situation arises from the fact that most of the people associated with environmental activism and press overstressing one or two environmental aspects of the problem in isolation of complex problems associated with water resource projects. This technical article aims to cover crucial aspects of Environmental Impact Assessment methodologies and presents the procedure for evaluation and environmental impacts and to manage environmental aspects in concern with water resource developmental projects. Water resource developmental projects ensure the requirement of sustainable development/ environment and limit the stress/load within to ‘carrying capacity’ if and only if preceded by a comprehensive EIA study.
Beneficial environmental impacts of water resource project is done to improve public health due to ample domestic water supplies, recreational facilities, micro climate in vicinity of project area, develop wildlife sanctuaries, fisheries etc., While the adverse impacts include rehabilitation and resettlement of people, loss of forest and agricultural lands, reservoirs are subject to silting, reservoirs induced seismicity (RIS) increases the susceptibility of earthquakes, post – project effects like salinity, water-logging etc., Methodologies for impact assessment have been developed to present the result of an assessment, few are Adhoc method, Checklist method, Network approach, matrix approach, Overlay method etc., The predictive technologies include mathematical models, physical models and experimental models. The development and management of water resources should contribute to amelioration of the basic problems of human beings while avoiding serious damage to ecological populations and environmental quality.
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