[B][COLOR="Red"]GeoTextile And Geo Synthesis[/COLOR][/B]

[B]ABSTRACT:[/B]

In the present scenario the importance of smart construction materials with various applications is growing rapidly. Soil reinforcement is not a new concept but the principles are already existing in nature and demonstrated by animals, birds & plants. The scientific basis for the modern concept of soil reinforcement lies in idealization of the problem of soil reinforcement in the form of each soil reinforced by high strength thin horizontal members.
This paper focuses the use of Geosynthetic materials like steel, concrete, glass fiber, rubber, aluminum, thermo-plastics, as reinforcing materials. Also the paper focuses the generic classification of the geosynthetics, their functions and their applications in Railways, Airports, hydraulic structure, marine engg. Structures, landslides, etc.

[B] INTRODUCTION :[/B]

The term "geosynthetics" is now increasingly used for materials used by civil engineers to improve or modify soil / rock behavior. Geosynthetics is the generic classification of all synthetic materials used in geotechnical engineering applications, it includes geotextiles, geogrids, geomembranes and geocomposites.
A wide variety of materials has been in use as reinforcing material. Early structures were formed using organic materials such as timber, straw or reed for reinforcement. As these materials are less durable, new materials such as steel, concrete, glass fibre, rubber, aluminum, thermo plastics and geosynthetics have been used successfully.
Reinforced soil is somewhat analogous to reinforced concrete. But direct comparison between the functions of reinforcement in the two cases is not valid. The mode of action of reinforcement in soil is not one of carrying developed tensile stresses as in reinforced concrete but of anisotropic reduction of normal strain rate.

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