QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY

QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY

Abstract:

Information security is one of the most important issues in Information Technology today and Quantum cryptography is a new cryptographic technique whose security is provable information theoretically and independent of technological advance in the future. It is an art of rendering information exchanged between two parties unintelligible to any unauthorized person and allows the two users of a common communication channel to create a body of shared and secret information. This information, which generally takes the form of a random string of bits, can then be used as a conventional secret key for secure communication. It is useful to assume that the communicating parties initially share a small amount of secret information, which is used up and then renewed in the exchange process, but even without this assumption exchanges are possible.

What is less known is that cryptography can also be used to achieve authenticity, which means that the message that comes from the intended source is not altered in transit. When a secret key is used, in combination with the contents of a message, to construct a value that the recipient can check, cryptography achieves authentication. Cryptography is central to information security because it can provide either confidentiality or authenticity, and can also combine them in many useful ways.

The advantage of quantum cryptography over traditional key exchange methods is that the exchange of information can be shown to be secure in a very strong sense, without making assumptions about the intractability of certain mathematical problems. In this paper, a brief introduction about this new technique and the two types of practical Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems, “Public-key Encryption” and “Private-key Encryption” that are under development using photonics technology is given, along with the research activities.

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