RENEWABLE ENERGY BIOMASS GASIFICATION AND IT’S TECHNIQUES

RENEWABLE ENERGY BIOMASS GASIFICATION AND IT’S TECHNIQUES

ABSTRACT

The efficiency and production capacity of rice mills can be enhanced significantly by installing biomass gasifier systems to meet their entire electrical and thermal needs, especially for generating steam and hot air for parboiling and drying of paddy. This would not only deliver considerable savings,but would also lead to an increase in production capacity, a sustainable supply of electricity, and additional revenue from surplus electricity generated from the rice husk saved.

Biomass gasification means incomplete combustion of biomass resulting in production of combustible gases consisting of carbon monoxide (co), hydrogen (H2) and traces of methane(CH4).This mixture is called producer gas can be used to run internal combustion engine ( both compression and spark ignition ), can be used as substitute for furnace oil in direct heat applications and can be used to produce, in an economically viable way, methanol – an extremely attractive chemical which is useful both as fuel for heat engines as well as chemical feedstock for industries fuel.

INTRODUCTION

Today world’s production of oil and gas is expected to decline and one starts to think out alternative/substitute fuels. At the current rate consumption world’s oil and gas are expected to last not more than 35 to50 years. But on other hand biomass is available abundantly so one can expect the future fuel from biomass. Gasification is one of technology which up grade the biomass as fuel. Gasification is the conversion of solid carbonaceous fuel into combustible gas by partial combustion. The mixture of combustible gases thus produced is called producer gas. It is called low calories gas. producer gas can be generated from charcoal , coke , wood ,peat and agriculture waste such as corn cobs , groundnuts shells , rice husks saw dust etc. in fact ,all organic material such as plants , trees , and crop residues are sources of energy and are collectively known as biomass. Hence gasification of such material is known as biomass gasification.

Gasification of woody biomass has been a well technology for more than five decades. However, it is only in last ten years or so that its use for decentralization power generation has recived considerable attention from planners, researchers, entrepreneurs. In organizance of the vast potential of biomass gasification technology for meeting mechanical, electrical and thermal energy requirements. In various sectors of the Indian economy, the Government of India launched an ambitious research, development and demonstration programmed on biomass gasifies in early 1980. As a result, 5 and 10 HP biomass gasified system for water pumping; 3-500KW systems for power generation are now commercially available in India.

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